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Gazing Upward: The Enduring Benefits of Studying Astronomy
Astronomy, the ancient science of studying the universe, has captivated humanity since the dawn of civilization. But its impact extends far beyond mere curiosity. Delving into the mysteries of the cosmos offers a wealth of benefits, enriching our understanding of the world around us, fostering technological advancement, and inspiring profound personal growth.

One of the most fundamental benefits of studying astronomy lies in its ability to expand our perspective. By contemplating the vastness of space and the unimaginable age of the universe, we gain a deeper appreciation for our place in the grand scheme of things. This newfound perspective fosters humility, reminding us that we are part of a much larger and more complex system. It also fuels our curiosity and encourages us to explore the unknown, driving scientific progress and innovation.

Furthermore, astronomy is an engine of technological advancement. The quest to understand the universe has led to the development of groundbreaking technologies like telescopes, satellites, and advanced imaging systems. These advancements have not only revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos but have also found applications in diverse fields, from communication and navigation to medicine and materials science. GPS technology, for instance, owes its existence to the precise timing signals transmitted by satellites whose orbits are meticulously tracked by astronomers.

Beyond its practical applications, the study of astronomy offers profound personal benefits. Gazing at the night sky instills a sense of awe and wonder, reminding us of the beauty and mystery that surrounds us. It can spark a lifelong passion for learning and exploration, fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a deep appreciation for the natural world. Studying the intricate dance of celestial bodies and the delicate balance of forces within the universe can also deepen our understanding of ourselves and our place within the interconnected web of life.

The benefits of studying astronomy extend beyond the individual, impacting society as a whole. By understanding the sun's activity and its influence on Earth's climate, astronomers contribute to our ability to predict and mitigate the effects of climate change. Additionally, studying near-Earth objects like asteroids and comets helps us prepare for potential threats to our planet, ensuring the safety and well-being of future generations.

In conclusion, the benefits of studying astronomy are multifaceted and far-reaching. It broadens our perspective, fuels technological innovation, inspires personal growth, and contributes to the betterment of society as a whole. As we continue to explore the vastness of the cosmos, the lessons learned from the stars will undoubtedly continue to illuminate our understanding of ourselves and our place in the universe. So, the next time you find yourself gazing up at the night sky, remember that you are not just looking at stars, you are peering into a treasure trove of knowledge and inspiration waiting to be unlocked.
Alu Rod
 8mm
Springs
Dowels 5/16 8mm 
Spiral Notepads    
Pens      
McMaster           Hex Nuts
Washers
Knobs STL
8" pvc
Fiberglass Kit
                                                  

Design Outline

Telescope Designer

Objective Lens
Secondary Lens
Focuser
Telescope Body Frame
Stand
Storage

Telescope Calculator











Telescope Designs
Primary Mirror
Primary  Mirror  Mounts
Secondary Mirror
Secondary Mirror Mounts
Lenses
Lens Accessories
Tubes and Frames

Stands

114mm Newtonian
160mm  
114
130
150
160
200

114mm  4.49
130mm 5.12
150mm 5.9
160mm 6.30
200mm 7.87
Mounts for Mirrors
Mounting Yoke Pillosl
10
15
25
45

Focuser
Barlow Tube
Adjustable Polarized Filter Set
Variable Polarizer


Threaded Rod
PVC
Cardboard Tube

STLS

Yoke
Objective Sun Filter
for Opening

Cover With Holes
for adjusting Aperture
Wood
PVC
Conduit
Camera
Telescope
STLS
160mm       114mm Newtonian
Telescope Spread Sheet
Astronomy Calc
Star Locator
Star Locator Calc
Extra Galactic
Almanac
Almanac II
Seattle

Bellingham

48.7519° N, 122.4787° W

Stand Parts for EMT Stand.
Stand Parts for Wood Stand
Primary Mirror Plate
Secondary Mirror Mount

Frame Ring with multiple mounts.  Dual?   Clamps from mount to rings. recessed.   Online Diagram
Diy Scopes from 114 to 200mm
Focal lengths up to 900mm
Divide focal Length by focal length for power.
Orion has focal lenghht of 650.   1300 with barlow 32 powerand 40mm  lens


Removable Shroud
3/8" rod frame $10 for 6'
1/2" rod frame  $15 for 6'
Cloth cover. Stretch Multiple layer. Velcro or zipper

Various Back Plates
Various fronts
Varoius mounts
Polarized filter setl

Variable Polarizer
     There are a couple of types. Silver and Red images. https://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_DBpSCRb

https://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_DDuqIGN

The only local materials that are relatively consistant for a tube  is drain pipe which is 4" (around $25 for 10')
internal Diameter and 6" ID which is  Inside Diameter: 5.864 In. " ID.  and $65 for 10' which you can make several  130mm scopes with.

Adjusting bracket front. https://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_DEaIHm9


If you wish to use sonotube you are going to need to adjust for your particular piece. Sonotube varies tube to tube as much as 1/2".   $8.68
Typical internal measurements are  7 7/8",  8 1/2", 8/3/8", 7.5"...  This is  because they nest the all the various sizes of tubes in order to save on 
shipping volume.  By making a host of sizes within half an inch of nominal greatly reduces freight cost.

Spread Sheet

Newtonian 114 STL
160mm STL


114mm  4.49
130mm 5.118 inch
150mm kit. 5.9
160mm 6.299 inch
200mm 7.87 inch

A screw  type scope is easiest to align.
3' rod is 914.5mm $5.27 for 3 feet.
Mirror Kit 114mm
130 Kit
160 Kit
http://www.parallaxinstruments.com/tubingprice.html
kobra 8.7 inches.

Sonotubes are available in a variety of sizes, including 6", 8", 10", and 12" diameters.
They are also available in lengths of 4', 8', and 12'. 
Sonotubes are designed for below
 ground-line concrete placement, but can be used up to 3 feet above ground-line for extra support.

A nominal 3X Barlow” may actually provide anything from
 2.5X to 5X magnification or more, depending on how it is used.
Equations 1 and 2 in the Appendix and Figure 2 help understand how the magnification factor
M
B depends on the distance (d2) between the Barlow lens and the position of the focal plane of the eyepiece and the focal length of the Barlow (FB):

The distance d1 is a measure of the distance between the Barlow and the original focal plane of the telescope objective.
 As discussed in the Appendix, d
1 and d2 are related to each other by:

M
B = 1 + d2/FB
MB = d2/d1

Yes and your image would be useless fuzz. You should try for about 50x per inch of aperture. Forget magnification per se. Doesn’t matter how mant lenses you stack, your image will be limited by aperture.

And your focal length is still 1000 mm. Barlow lenses reduce the convergence of the light and create an effective extension of focal length.
U bracket for below.

Using a camera Tripod
Adapter Plate


Concrete Tube for shell.
Concrete tube comes in two inner diameters per nominal dimension. One fits inside the other.

Available in 6", 8", 10" and 12" diameters in standard lengths of 4'. Sonotube® Tube Base® footing forms are used in conjunction with Sonotube concrete forms for added strength, increased stability and greater bearing capacity.

Available in 6", 8", 10" and 12" diameters in standard lengths of 4'. Sonotube® Tube Base® footing forms are used in conjunction with Sonotube concrete forms for added strength, increased stability and greater bearing capacity.



Focuser 1.25" 31.7mm

Metal Focuser





Kit
The size of the PVC water pipe that matches the support of the primary and secondary mirrors is 200 diameter * 3.2mm thickness!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f27s0_S6E0E
\ http://www.stormthecastle.com/telesco...
2x3 general purpose drains

See firts video for mount.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3pZ18TPvfw
130mm 5.118 inch
160mm 6.299 inch

4" drain pipe