Batteries in many forms stand to be and have been integral to the cornerstone of civilization. Dams,  a form of gravitational battery  have been used to serve up energy  for millennia.  References are made to it back to 4000BCE and were supposedly used to replace slaves and oxen. The types currently in service to humankind are. Chemical   Gravity  Thermal Currently much emphasis has been directed towards the Lithium battery in its various electrochemistries.  List of most  types... The challenges remaining are regarding safety issues caused by improper handling, charging or physical damage. Life issues of  lithium batteries are being addressed by new chemistries and advanced charging techniques the best of which keep the batteries cooler and bring the batteries up to full charge more gradually however one can  charge batteries at faster rates when needed generally at the expense of some battery life.	Underwriters Labs and Lithium Batteries

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