SOrtable Table

Resistivity, conductivity, and temperature coefficient for several materials

Material	Resistivity, ρ, at 20 °C (Ω·m)	Conductivity, σ, at 20 °C (S/m)	Temperature coefficient[c] (K−1)	Reference
PTFE (teflon)	1023 to 1025	10−25 to 10−23
PET	1021	10−21
Fused quartz	7.5×1017	1.3×10−18		[21]
Sulfur	1015	10−16		[21]
Wood (oven dry)	1014 to 1016	10−16 to 10−14		[41]
Hard rubber	1013	10−14		[21]
Carbon (diamond)	1012	~10−13		[45]
Glass	1011 to 1015	10−15 to 10−11		[21][22]
Ultrapure water	1.82×109	5.49×10−10		[43][44]
Air	109 to 1015	~10−15 to 10−9		[46][47]
Deionized water[q]	1.8×105	4.2×10−5		[42]
Silicon[m]	2.3×103	4.35×10−4	−75.0×10−3	[40][21]
Wood (damp)	103 to 104	10−4 to 10−3		[41]
Drinking water[p]	2×101 to 2×103	5×10−4 to 5×10−2		[citation needed]
Germanium[m]	4.6×10−1	2.17	−48.0×10−3	[21][22]
Swimming pool water[o]	3.3×10−1 to 4.0×10−1	0.25 to 0.30		[39]
Sea water[n]	2.1×10−1	4.8		[38]
Carbon (graphite) perpendicular to basal plane	3.0×10−3	3.3×102		[4]
GaAs	10−3 to 108 [clarification needed]	10−8 to 103 [dubious – discuss]		[37]
Carbon (amorphous)	0.5×10−3 to 0.8×10−3	1.25×103 to 2.00×103	−0.50×10−3	[21][36]
Galinstan	28.9×10−8	3.46×106		[31]
Carbon (graphite) parallel to basal plane[l]	250×10−8 to 500×10−8	2×105 to 3×105 [citation needed]		[4]
Manganese	144×10−8	6.94×105
Nichrome[k]	110×10−8	6.70×105 [citation needed]	0.40×10−3	[21]
Mercury	98.0×10−8	1.02×106	0.90×10−3	[33]
Stainless steel[j]	69.0×10−8	1.45×106	0.94×10−3	[35]
Constantan	49.0×10−8	2.04×106	0.008×10−3	[34]
Manganin	48.2×10−8	2.07×106	0.002×10−3	[33]
Grain oriented electrical steel	46.0×10−8	2.17×106		[32]
Titanium	42.0×10−8	2.38×106	3.80×10−3
Lead	22.0×10−8	4.55×106	3.90×10−3	[21]
Carbon steel (1010)	14.3×10−8	6.99×106		[30]
Gallium	14.0×10−8	7.10×106	4.00×10−3
Niobium	14.0×10−8	7.00×106		[29]
Tin	10.9×10−8	9.17×106	4.50×10−3
Platinum	10.6×10−8	9.43×106	3.92×10−3	[21]
Iron	9.70×10−8	1.03×107	5.00×10−3	[21]
Lithium	9.28×10−8	1.08×107	6.00×10−3
Ruthenium[i]	7.10×10−8	1.41×107
Nickel	6.99×10−8	1.43×107	6.00×10−3
Cobalt[i]	6.24×10−8	1.60×107	7.00×10−3[28] [unreliable source?]
Zinc	5.90×10−8	1.69×107	3.70×10−3	[26]
Tungsten	5.60×10−8	1.79×107	4.50×10−3	[21]
Calcium	3.36×10−8	2.98×107	4.10×10−3
Aluminium[h]	2.65×10−8	3.77×107	3.90×10−3	[21]
Gold[g]	2.44×10−8	4.11×107	3.40×10−3	[21]
Annealed copper[f]	1.72×10−8	5.80×107	3.93×10−3	[25]
Copper[e]	1.68×10−8	5.96×107	4.04×10−3	[23][24]
Silver[d]	1.59×10−8	6.30×107	3.80×10−3	[21][22]

Resistivity, conductivity, and temperature coefficient for several materials

Material	Resistivity, ρ, at 20 °C (Ω·m)	Conductivity, σ, at 20 °C (S/m)	Temperature coefficient[c] (K−1)	Reference
Silver[d]	1.59×10−8	6.30×107	3.80×10−3	[21][22]
Copper[e]	1.68×10−8	5.96×107	4.04×10−3	[23][24]
Annealed copper[f]	1.72×10−8	5.80×107	3.93×10−3	[25]
Gold[g]	2.44×10−8	4.11×107	3.40×10−3	[21]
Aluminium[h]	2.65×10−8	3.77×107	3.90×10−3	[21]
Calcium	3.36×10−8	2.98×107	4.10×10−3
Tungsten	5.60×10−8	1.79×107	4.50×10−3	[21]
Zinc	5.90×10−8	1.69×107	3.70×10−3	[26]
Cobalt[i]	6.24×10−8	1.60×107	7.00×10−3[28] [unreliable source?]
Nickel	6.99×10−8	1.43×107	6.00×10−3
Ruthenium[i]	7.10×10−8	1.41×107
Lithium	9.28×10−8	1.08×107	6.00×10−3
Iron	9.70×10−8	1.03×107	5.00×10−3	[21]
Platinum	10.6×10−8	9.43×106	3.92×10−3	[21]
Tin	10.9×10−8	9.17×106	4.50×10−3
Gallium	14.0×10−8	7.10×106	4.00×10−3
Niobium	14.0×10−8	7.00×106		[29]
Carbon steel (1010)	14.3×10−8	6.99×106		[30]
Lead	22.0×10−8	4.55×106	3.90×10−3	[21]
Galinstan	28.9×10−8	3.46×106		[31]
Titanium	42.0×10−8	2.38×106	3.80×10−3
Grain oriented electrical steel	46.0×10−8	2.17×106		[32]
Manganin	48.2×10−8	2.07×106	0.002×10−3	[33]
Constantan	49.0×10−8	2.04×106	0.008×10−3	[34]
Stainless steel[j]	69.0×10−8	1.45×106	0.94×10−3	[35]
Mercury	98.0×10−8	1.02×106	0.90×10−3	[33]
Manganese	144×10−8	6.94×105
Nichrome[k]	110×10−8	6.70×105 [citation needed]	0.40×10−3	[21]
Carbon (graphite) parallel to basal plane[l]	250×10−8 to 500×10−8	2×105 to 3×105 [citation needed]		[4]
Carbon (amorphous)	0.5×10−3 to 0.8×10−3	1.25×103 to 2.00×103	−0.50×10−3	[21][36]
Carbon (graphite) perpendicular to basal plane	3.0×10−3	3.3×102		[4]
GaAs	10−3 to 108 [clarification needed]	10−8 to 103 [dubious – discuss]		[37]
Germanium[m]	4.6×10−1	2.17	−48.0×10−3	[21][22]
Sea water[n]	2.1×10−1	4.8		[38]
Swimming pool water[o]	3.3×10−1 to 4.0×10−1	0.25 to 0.30		[39]
Drinking water[p]	2×101 to 2×103	5×10−4 to 5×10−2		[citation needed]
Silicon[m]	2.3×103	4.35×10−4	−75.0×10−3	[40][21]
Wood (damp)	103 to 104	10−4 to 10−3		[41]
Deionized water[q]	1.8×105	4.2×10−5		[42]
Ultrapure water	1.82×109	5.49×10−10		[43][44]
Glass	1011 to 1015	10−15 to 10−11		[21][22]
Carbon (diamond)	1012	~10−13		[45]
Hard rubber	1013	10−14		[21]
Air	109 to 1015	~10−15 to 10−9		[46][47]
Wood (oven dry)	1014 to 1016	10−16 to 10−14		[41]
Sulfur	1015	10−16		[21]
Fused quartz	7.5×1017	1.3×10−18		[21]
PET	1021	10−21
PTFE (teflon)	1023 to 1025	10−25 to 10−23