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Electronic Noise Control

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1. Snubber circuits:

These are small circuits placed across the switch contacts. They typically contain a capacitor and resistor in series, or a diode in parallel.
The capacitor absorbs the initial surge of current when the switch closes, reducing arcing and noise.
The resistor limits the current flow through the capacitor, preventing a short circuit.
Diodes can divert transient voltage spikes away from sensitive components. .1 and 100 ohms

2. Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) diodes:

These are semiconductor devices that act like voltage clamps.
In normal operation, they have high impedance.
During a voltage transient, they conduct current, diverting excess voltage away from the circuit.
They are typically placed across the load terminals protected from transients.


3. Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs): Have shorter life expectancy.

Similar to TVS diodes, MOVs are voltage-dependent resistors.  NOVs will need to be replaced more often.
They have high resistance under normal voltage but become low resistance during voltage spikes.
This allows them to shunt excess current and suppress transients.
MOVs are often used for higher voltage applications compared to TVS diodes.

4. Ferrite beads:

These are small donut-shaped cores made of ferrite material.
They act as high-frequency inductors, opposing rapid changes in current.
This helps to dampen high-frequency noise transients on the circuit.
They are typically placed in series with the power line near the switch.