| Infrastructure Category | Estimated Cost | Potential Cost Savings | Notes |
|---|
| Housing: | $50 billion (single-family homes) | $10 billion (multi-unit dwellings, co-housing) | Density, mixed-use development, modular construction |
| Transportation: | $20 billion (roads, public transit) | $5 billion (active transportation infrastructure, carpooling incentives) | Walkable/bikeable design, shared mobility programs |
| Water & Sanitation: | $10 billion (treatment plants, distribution systems) | $3 billion (water conservation, greywater systems) | Leak detection, rainwater harvesting, efficient fixtures |
| Energy: | $8 billion (power grids, renewable energy) | $4 billion (energy efficiency measures, smart grids) | Building codes, renewable energy incentives, district heating |
| Waste Management: | $5 billion (landfills, recycling facilities) | $2 billion (source reduction, composting, waste-to-energy) | Extended producer responsibility, deposit schemes |
| Digital Infrastructure: | $3 billion (broadband, fiber optic cables) | $1 billion (community Wi-Fi, open-source software) | Public-private partnerships, affordability programs |
| Green Infrastructure: | $2 billion (parks, green spaces, stormwater management) | $1 billion (community gardens, urban farms, native landscaping) | Public-private partnerships, volunteer programs |
| Social Infrastructure: | $2 billion (schools, libraries, healthcare centers) | $1 billion (telehealth, shared facilities, community centers) | Utilizing existing spaces, innovative service delivery models |
| Total: | $100 billion | $27 billion | Savings potential of 27% |