Material ρ (Ω•m) at 20 °C Resistivity σ (S/m) at 20 °C Conductivity Silver 1.59×10−8 6.30×107 Copper 1.68×10−8 5.96×107 Annealed copper 1.72×10−8 5.80×107 Gold 2.44×10−8 4.10×107 Aluminum 2.82×10−8 3.5×107 Calcium 3.36×10−8 2.98×107 Tungsten 5.60×10−8 1.79×107 Zinc 5.90×10−8 1.69×107 Nickel 6.99×10−8 1.43×107 Lithium 9.28×10−8 1.08×107 Iron 1.0×10−7 1.00×107 Platinum 1.06×10−7 9.43×106 Tin 1.09×10−7 9.17×106 Carbon steel (1010) 1.43×10−7 Lead 2.2×10−7 4.55×106 Titanium 4.20×10−7 2.38×106 Grain oriented electrical steel 4.60×10−7 2.17×106 Manganin 4.82×10−7 2.07×106 Constantan 4.9×10−7 2.04×106 Stainless steel 6.9×10−7 1.45×106 Mercury 9.8×10−7 1.02×106 Nichrome 1.10×10−6 9.09×105 GaAs 5×10−7 to 10×10−3 5×10−8 to 103 Carbon (amorphous) 5×10−4 to 8×10−4 1.25 to 2×103 Carbon (graphite) 2.5×10−6 to 5.0×10−6 //basal plane 3.0×10−3 ⊥basal plane 2 to 3×105 //basal plane 3.3×102 ⊥basal plane Carbon (diamond) 1×1012 ~10−13 Germanium 4.6×10−1 2.17 Sea water 2×10−1 4.8 Drinking water 2×101 to 2×103 5×10−4 to 5×10−2 Silicon 6.40×102 1.56×10−3 Wood (damp) 1×103 to 4 10−4 to 10-3 Deionized water 1.8×105 5.5×10−6 Glass 10×1010 to 10×1014 10−11 to 10−15 Hard rubber 1×1013 10−14 Wood (oven dry) 1×1014 to 16 10−16 to 10-14 Sulfur 1×1015 10−16 Air 1.3×1016 to 3.3×1016 3×10−15 to 8×10−15 Paraffin wax 1×1017 10−18 Fused quartz 7.5×1017 1.3×10−18 PET 10×1020 10−21 Teflon 10×1022 to 10×1024 10−25 to 10−23